🎯 Introduction

This simulation models a single-phase full-wave controlled rectifier using SCRs in bridge or center-tap configuration. Full-wave rectifiers provide better efficiency, lower ripple, and improved transformer utilization compared to half-wave rectifiers.

🔧 Circuit Configurations

Three main configurations are supported:

• Bridge Rectifier: Uses 4 SCRs in bridge configuration
• Center-Tap: Uses 2 SCRs with center-tapped transformer
• Mixed: Uses 2 SCRs and 2 diodes for cost optimization

📐 Key Parameters & Formulas

• Average Output Voltage: V_avg = (2V_m/π) × cos(α)
• RMS Output Voltage: V_rms = V_m/√2 × √[(π-α+sin(2α)/2)/π]
• Form Factor: FF = V_rms/V_avg
• Ripple Factor: RF = √(FF² - 1)
• Transformer Utilization: TUF = (P_dc/VA_rating)

🎛️ Advanced Control Features

1. Dual SCR Control: Independent control of positive and negative cycle SCRs
2. Phase Difference: Adjust timing between SCR pairs
3. Protection Systems: Overcurrent, overvoltage, and thermal protection
4. Fault Simulation: Test various fault conditions
5. Real-time Monitoring: Live performance analysis

📊 Advanced Analysis Features

• Harmonic Analysis: Up to 100th harmonic with 3D visualization
• Power Quality: Multiple THD calculation methods
• Thermal Analysis: Junction temperature and derating
• Efficiency Analysis: Component-wise loss breakdown
• Comparison Tools: Compare different configurations

🔍 Power Quality Standards

• IEEE 519: Harmonic control in electrical power systems
• IEC 61000: Electromagnetic compatibility standards
• EN 50160: Voltage characteristics of public distribution systems
• IEEE 1547: Interconnecting distributed resources

💡 Optimization Tips

• Use firing angles between 0° and 90° for optimal performance
• Add filter components to reduce output ripple
• Monitor SCR temperature for thermal management
• Use snubber circuits for dv/dt protection
• Consider transformer leakage reactance effects

⚠️ Important Notes

• Full-wave rectifiers have twice the ripple frequency of input
• Bridge configuration requires 4 SCRs but no center-tap transformer
• Center-tap configuration uses fewer SCRs but requires special transformer
• Commutation overlap affects output voltage and THD
• Protection circuits are essential for reliable operation