Power Electronics Library

Every Power Electronic Converter, in one interactive map

From AC-DC rectifiers and PFC front-ends to DC-DC choppers, isolated converters, inverters and cycloconverters — explore 43 topologies with real circuit diagrams and a side-by-side comparison tool.

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Converters
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AC-DC Rectifiers
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DC-DC Converters
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Inverters & AC-AC
S1 AC-DC

Uncontrolled Rectifiers

AC → DC · diode-based
4 topologies
AC-DC What is a Rectifier? circuit diagram – Power4All

What is a Rectifier?

Devices that convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).

AC → DC conversionControlled & uncontrolledPower supplies, chargers
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AC-DC 1φ Half-Wave Uncontrolled circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Half-Wave Uncontrolled

The simplest rectifier circuit, using a single diode.

Single diodeLow efficiency (≈40%)High output ripple
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AC-DC 1φ Full-Wave Uncontrolled circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Full-Wave Uncontrolled

A bridge rectifier that converts both halves of the AC waveform.

4-diode bridge≈81% efficiencyLower ripple
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AC-DC 1φ Full-Wave Center-Tapped circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Full-Wave Center-Tapped

Full-wave rectifier using a center-tapped transformer and two diodes.

Two diodes, tapped secondaryFull-wave, lower ripplePIV = 2·Vm
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S2 AC-DC

Controlled Rectifiers

AC → DC · SCR / phase-controlled
6 topologies
AC-DC 1φ Half-Wave Controlled circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Half-Wave Controlled

Uses a thyristor (SCR) to control the output voltage.

Variable DC outputPhase-angle controlIndustrial supplies
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AC-DC 1φ Full-Wave Controlled circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Full-Wave Controlled

Uses SCRs in a bridge for full control of the DC output.

Full output controlHigher powerMotor drives
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AC-DC 1φ Semi-Converter circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Semi-Converter

Half-controlled bridge using two SCRs and two diodes.

Controlled DC outputFreewheeling actionBetter power factor
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AC-DC 3φ Semi-Converter circuit diagram – Power4All

3φ Semi-Converter

Three-phase half-controlled bridge for medium-power DC.

Three-phase inputHalf-controlledImproved power factor
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AC-DC 1φ Dual Converter circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Dual Converter

Two full-controlled bridges for four-quadrant DC operation.

±Voltage & ±CurrentFour-quadrantReversible drives
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AC-DC 3φ Dual Converter circuit diagram – Power4All

3φ Dual Converter

Back-to-back three-phase bridges for reversible drives.

Four-quadrantHigh-power DC drivesCirculating / non-circulating
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S3 AC-DC

PFC & Modern Rectifiers

AC → DC · unity power factor
5 topologies
AC-DC Vienna Rectifier circuit diagram – Power4All

Vienna Rectifier

Three-phase, three-level unity-power-factor boost rectifier.

3φ, 3-level PFCLow input THDEV chargers, telecom
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AC-DC PWM / Active-Front-End circuit diagram – Power4All

PWM / Active-Front-End

Bidirectional PWM rectifier with sinusoidal input current.

BidirectionalNear-unity PFLow THD, grid-tied
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AC-DC Boost PFC circuit diagram – Power4All

Boost PFC

Boost-based power-factor-correction front-end for SMPS.

Unity power factorInput current shapingUniversal AC input
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AC-DC Bridgeless PFC circuit diagram – Power4All

Bridgeless PFC

PFC without an input diode bridge for lower conduction loss.

Fewer conducting devicesHigher efficiencyReduced heat
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AC-DC Bridgeless Totem-Pole PFC circuit diagram – Power4All

Bridgeless Totem-Pole PFC

High-efficiency GaN/SiC totem-pole PFC for high density.

GaN / SiC switchesVery high efficiencyEV / server power
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S4 DC-DC

Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters

DC → DC · buck / boost family
9 topologies
DC-DC What is a DC-DC Converter? circuit diagram – Power4All

What is a DC-DC Converter?

Devices that convert DC from one voltage level to another.

DC → DC conversionBuck / boost / buck-boostVoltage regulation
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DC-DC Buck (Step-Down) circuit diagram – Power4All

Buck (Step-Down)

Step-down DC-DC converter for reducing voltage.

Vo = D·Vi85–95% efficientContinuous input current
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DC-DC Boost (Step-Up) circuit diagram – Power4All

Boost (Step-Up)

Step-up DC-DC converter for increasing voltage.

Vo = Vi/(1−D)Continuous input currentSolar / PFC
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DC-DC Buck-Boost circuit diagram – Power4All

Buck-Boost

Steps voltage up or down with inverted output.

Higher or lower VoInverted outputBattery systems
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DC-DC Cuk circuit diagram – Power4All

Cuk

Capacitive energy-transfer converter with low ripple.

Continuous I/O currentInverted outputLow ripple
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DC-DC SEPIC circuit diagram – Power4All

SEPIC

Single-ended primary inductor converter; non-inverting.

Non-invertingSteps up or downLED / battery
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DC-DC ZETA circuit diagram – Power4All

ZETA

Non-inverting buck-boost with good EMI performance.

Non-invertingLow output ripplePrecision supplies
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DC-DC Interleaved / Multiphase Buck circuit diagram – Power4All

Interleaved / Multiphase Buck

Parallel buck phases with ripple cancellation for high current.

High output currentReduced rippleCPU / GPU VRMs
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DC-DC Three-Level Buck circuit diagram – Power4All

Three-Level Buck

Buck variant with a flying capacitor and smaller inductor.

Reduced inductor sizeLower switch stressHigh step-down
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S5 DC-DC

Choppers & Quadrant Operation

DC → DC · motor control
5 topologies
DC-DC Class A — First Quadrant circuit diagram – Power4All

Class A — First Quadrant

Single-quadrant chopper for +V, +I motoring operation.

First quadrant (+V, +I)Step-down controlMotoring only
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DC-DC Class B — Second Quadrant circuit diagram – Power4All

Class B — Second Quadrant

Second-quadrant chopper for regenerative braking.

Second quadrant (+V, −I)Energy back to sourceRegen braking
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DC-DC Class C — Two Quadrant circuit diagram – Power4All

Class C — Two Quadrant

Two-quadrant chopper combining motoring and regeneration.

Quadrants I & II±Current, +VoltageMotoring + regen
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DC-DC Class D — Two Quadrant circuit diagram – Power4All

Class D — Two Quadrant

Two-quadrant chopper with reversible output voltage.

Quadrants I & IV±Voltage operationDrive + braking
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DC-DC Class E — Four Quadrant circuit diagram – Power4All

Class E — Four Quadrant

Four-quadrant chopper for full ±V, ±I drive control.

All four quadrants±Voltage, ±CurrentFull motor control
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S6 DC-DC

Isolated DC-DC Converters

DC → DC · transformer-isolated
6 topologies
DC-DC Flyback circuit diagram – Power4All

Flyback

Isolated single-switch converter for low-power supplies.

Galvanic isolationSingle switch, <150 WChargers, adapters
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DC-DC Forward circuit diagram – Power4All

Forward

Isolated converter with a reset winding for mid power.

Transformer isolationReset windingMid-power SMPS
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DC-DC Two-Switch Forward circuit diagram – Power4All

Two-Switch Forward

Rugged forward variant clamping the switches to the rail.

Two switches, clampedNo dissipative snubberReliable mid-power
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DC-DC Half-Bridge circuit diagram – Power4All

Half-Bridge

Isolated two-switch bridge for mid/high-power supplies.

Two switchesTransformer isolationMid / high power
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DC-DC Full-Bridge circuit diagram – Power4All

Full-Bridge

Isolated four-switch bridge for high-power conversion.

Four switchesHighest-power isolatedTelecom, welding
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DC-DC Push-Pull circuit diagram – Power4All

Push-Pull

Center-tapped primary converter for low-V, high-I input.

Center-tapped primaryGood transformer useLow-V, high-I input
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S7 DC-AC

Inverters

DC → AC · voltage-source
5 topologies
DC-AC What is an Inverter? circuit diagram – Power4All

What is an Inverter?

Converts DC power to AC power at a desired frequency.

DC → ACSingle & three-phaseSolar, UPS
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DC-AC 1φ Half-Bridge Inverter circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Half-Bridge Inverter

Basic inverter with two switches; produces a square wave.

Two switchesSplit DC supplyLow power
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DC-AC 1φ Full-Bridge Inverter circuit diagram – Power4All

1φ Full-Bridge Inverter

Uses four switches for higher output voltage and power.

Four switchesHigher outputUPS systems
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DC-AC 3φ 120° Conduction circuit diagram – Power4All

3φ 120° Conduction

Three-phase inverter; each switch conducts for 120°.

Six switchesStepped AC outputMotor drives
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DC-AC 3φ 180° Conduction circuit diagram – Power4All

3φ 180° Conduction

Three-phase inverter; each switch conducts for 180°.

Six switchesHigher fundamentalVariable-freq drives
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S8 AC-AC

Cycloconverters

AC → AC · direct conversion
3 topologies
AC-AC What is a Cycloconverter? circuit diagram – Power4All

What is a Cycloconverter?

Direct AC-AC frequency converter without a DC link.

AC → ACNo DC stageLarge drives
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AC-AC Single-Phase Cycloconverter circuit diagram – Power4All

Single-Phase Cycloconverter

Changes the frequency of single-phase AC (step-down).

1φ in / outVariable output frequencyThyristor based
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AC-AC Three-Phase Cycloconverter circuit diagram – Power4All

Three-Phase Cycloconverter

Converts three-phase AC from one frequency to another.

3φ in / outHigh powerShip / mill drives
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